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Peri-implant bone response to orthodontic loading: Part 2. Implant surface geometry and its effect on regional bone remodeling.

Oyonarte R, Pilliar RM, Deporter D, Woodside DG

Orthodontics Program, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

INTRODUCTION: Bone response to orthodontic loading was compared around 2 different types of osseointegrated implants (porous surfaced and machined threaded) to determine the effect of implant surface geometry on regional bone remodeling. METHODS: Five beagles each received 3 implants of each design in contralateral mandibular extraction sites. After a 6-week initial healing period, abutments were placed, and, 1 week later, the 2 mesial implants on each side were orthodontically loaded for 22 weeks. All implants remained osseointegrated throughout orthodontic loading except for 1 threaded implant that loosened. Back-scattered scanning electron microscopy and fluorochrome bone labeling techniques were used to compare responses around the 2 types of implants. RESULTS: The loaded, porous-surfaced implants had significantly higher marginal bone levels and greater bone-to-implant contact than did the machined-threaded implants. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in peri-implant bone remodeling and bone formation in response to controlled orthodontic loading were observed for the 2 implant designs. Short, porous-surfaced implants might be more effective for orthodontic applications than machine-threaded implants.

Published 16 August 2005 in Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 128(2): 182-9.
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